简介：
Fecal Transplanters Fish Out Key Ingredient
粪便中的微生物可抵御耐药菌的感染
The bacterium Clostridium scindens, a member of the gut’s microbiome, appears to ward off the hospital-acquired infection C.difficile. Christopher Intagliata reports
一种肠道细菌Clostridium scindens可能能够抵挡艰难梭菌（C. difficile.）的医源性感染。
撰文 克里斯托弗（Christopher Intagliata）
翻译 王宁
审校 张哲
These days, antibiotics are no silver bullet. In fact, if you get them in the hospital, you may end up with an additional infection. Like the bug Clostridium difficile, or C. diff—which infects more than 300,000 Americans a year and kills some 14,000. C.diff flourishes in the post-antibiotic, microbe-free landscape of your gut. But there is a way to stop it—a fecal transplant. That cocktail of microbes from a healthy person's gut can rein in a C.diff outbreak. The question is not: Eewww? It’s: What are the transplant's active ingredients?
现今，抗生素不再是有神奇效果的银子弹。事实上，如果你在医院注射抗生素的话，最后可能会感染上别的什么，比如梭状芽孢杆菌（Clostridium difficile）——亦称作艰难梭菌（C. diff）。在美国，每年感染这种细菌的总人数超过300,00，其中约14,000人因此丧生。抗生素会杀死肠道中的所有微生物，之后艰难梭菌（C. difficile.）便会在没有微生物的肠道中大肆繁殖。但是有一种方法可以阻止它——粪便移植。来自一个健康人的肠道中的这种微生物的混合物可以控制艰难梭菌（C. difficile.）的爆发。问题不应是“真恶心”，而是移植物的活性成分是什么？
Well, one of them appears to be a bacterium called Clostridium scindens. Because in past studies, people and mice that harbored C. scindens were protected against a full-blown C. diff infection. So researchers dosed mice with the good guy, C. scindens, after a bout of antibiotics. And the treatment did indeed ward off C. diff, compared to a cocktail of other microbes, or nothing at all.
其中一种有效成分是一种叫Clostridium scindens的细菌。因为在过去的研究中，体内含有Clostridium scindens的人和大鼠可以有效抵抗艰难梭菌（C. difficile.）的感染。所以在注射了抗生素后，研究人员给老鼠喂食肠道益生菌Clostridium scindens，事实证明相比于使用其它微生物混合物和什么都不使用的个体，实验组确实能够抵御艰难梭菌（C. difficile.）的感染
C. scindens makes a living by breaking down bile, the researchers say, and it's those secondary products that seem to inhibit C. diff. The findings are in the journal Nature. [Charlie G. Buffie et al: Precisionmicrobiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridiumdifficile]
研究人员说Clostridium scindens通过分解胆汁存活，而且似乎是这一过程的副产物抑制了艰难梭菌（C. difficile.）。这一发现被发表在了《自然》杂志上。
This work could lead to more targeted probiotic treatments. But study author Eric Pamer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center says it's worth remembering that when it comes to microbes, the sum is often greater than its parts. "In some ways I would say this is far more complex than an orchestra, in that there are many more interdependencies, and many of which we just don't understand yet, but that are starting to be illuminated by ongoing work."Now, at least, we know one of the featured performers.
这一研究成果可以促进更多的“靶益生菌”的治疗方式，但是本文的作者，纪念斯隆•凯特琳癌症中心（Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center）的埃里克•帕默尔（Eric Pamer）说，当提及微生物时有必要记住一点，微生物作为整体的影响比其各个部分影响之和要大，“要我说，在某些方面这远比一个管弦乐队复杂，因为其中微生物间的相互影响远比管弦乐队中的多得多，而且有很多我们至今还未研究明白，但随着研究的进行我们将会不断得到启迪。”至少现在我们知道了其中的一种特征组分。
(题图来源：http://www.microbeworld.org/)
