撰文/播音 Christopher Intagliata
翻译 Meatle
审校 丁可含
Red blood cells retain a memory of high-altitude exposure, allowing for faster acclimation next time. But that memory fades within four months. Christopher Intagliata reports.
血红细胞能够“记住”高原环境的需求，方便身体在下次登高时快速适应。但这种“记忆”会在四个月内逐渐减退。
Head to the mountains, and if the steep trails don't slow you down, the thin air will. There's less oxygen up there—so strenuous activity can leave you dizzy, out of breath…or worse. But even though you're beat, biochemical processes are already busy at work, acclimating your body.
登高路上，若陡峭的山路没有阻碍你的前进，或许稀薄的空气会让你举步维艰。在山上氧气（分压）更少——因此剧烈运动会使你感觉晕眩，喘不过气来…甚至引发更坏的反应。即便如此，你体内已经产生生化反应，使你适应高海拔环境。
Scientists investigated those pathways in humans and mice. They found that exposure to low oxygen depletes stores of a red-blood-cell protein called eENT1. That's a good thing. Because now other substances that protect your body against low oxygen are free to rapidly accumulate and help the body adapt.
But here's the kicker—once the eENT1 protein goes away, it doesn’t come back. Meaning red blood cells kind of 'remember' their altitude exposure. And that means if you hit the mountains again soon enough, you can acclimate faster than you did the first time. The findings are in the journal Nature Communications. [Anren Song et al., Erythrocytes retain hypoxic adenosine response for faster acclimatization upon re-ascent]
研究人员考察了发生在人类和小鼠体内的“登高路径”。他们发现，在稀薄的空气中，体内的血红细胞eENT1蛋白会快速耗尽。然而这并不是坏事情，因为此时，身体能尽快地累积对抗低氧环境的物质，从而适应高原环境。但这又产生了另一个问题——一旦eEHT1蛋白被耗尽，就不会重新生成。这仿佛身体记住了高原环境一样。也就是，如果你两次攀山的间隔足够短，你会发现第二次登高会更快适应高原环境。该研究发表在《自然通讯》（Nature Communications）杂志上。[Anren Song et al., Erythrocytes retain hypoxic adenosine response for faster acclimatization upon re-ascent]
There is one caveat. "In humans the red blood cell lifespan is 120 days." Study author Yang Xia, a biochemist with the UT Health Science Center in Houston. "So the longer you stay at sea level before you re-climb to high altitude, then such memory will gradually disappear." So unless you're a frequent mountain climber—there's really no shortcut to acclimatization. Then again, there's no shortcut to the summit, either.
“人类体内血红细胞的寿命是120天，”Yang Xia，该论文的作者，休斯顿的德克萨斯大学健康中心（UT Health Science Center in Houston）的生物学家，“因此随着你在低海拔的地方停留的时间越长，身体对高海拔的“记忆”也逐渐消退。”给不常登山的朋友一句忠告：适应环境没有捷径，就像登顶没有捷径一样。
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