Tsunami Sent Species on a Transoceanic Trip
海啸带给物种的一场越洋旅行
The 2011 east Japan tsunami swept huge amounts of wreckage out to sea—and Japanese species hitchhiked across the Pacific on the debris. Christopher Intagliata reports.
2011年日本东部海啸把大量的残骸卷入海中，而日本的一些物种在这些残骸上搭了便车，横穿了太平洋。
撰文\播音：克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻译：张朵儿
审校：潘磊
The massive earthquake that rocked Japan in March 2011 took thousands of lives. It sent tsunami waves more than a hundred feet high towards northern Japan, where they battered the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant—and swallowed up whole swaths of coastline.
2011年3月，日本大地震带走了上千人的生命。它向日本北部送去超过一百英尺高的海啸，打击福岛第一核电站，并且吞没了整个海岸线。
"Large amounts of villages and towns and cities washed into the ocean." Jim Carlton, a marine ecologist at Williams College. "Huge amounts of infrastructure, fisheries facilities, aquaculture. From children's toys, to fisheries baskets, to many vessels, buoys, containers, everything one can imagine."
“大片的乡村和城市被海洋淹没。”威廉姆斯学院的海洋生态学家吉姆 卡尔顿（Jim Carlton）描述，“包括大量的基础设施，渔业设备，水产养殖设施，从儿童玩具到捕鱼的工具，甚至许多船只、航标、集装箱，你能想到的所有。”
Time and ocean currents have delivered hundreds of those objects to U.S. shores. Along with the stuff living in and on them: mussels, anemones, barnacles, crustaceans, worms—even a few fish, caught swimming in boats. Carlton and his team have now recovered more than 600 pieces of that debris, with the help of a huge network of scientists and citizen volunteers, and catalogued the hitchhiking Japanese species. The full manifest—289 species in all—is listed in a report in the journal Science. [James T. Carlton et al., Tsunami-driven rafting: Transoceanic species dispersal and implications for marine biogeography]
经过一段时间之后，海洋已经将数百个物件送到了美国的海岸。同时也有生活在它们身上的东西：贻贝，海葵，藤壶，甲壳类动物，蠕虫甚至一些被困在船上的鱼。在科学家和公民志愿者的庞大信息网络的帮助下，卡尔顿和他的团队已经收集了超过600块碎片，并将搭便车而来的日本物种进行了分类。这份“旅客名单”上列出了有289种物种，并被发表在科学杂志上。
While it’s hard not to admire their tenacity, some of these transplants could pose a danger to local species: "It's really ecological roulette. It's really a matter of any number of species which have no prior history at all of becoming nuisance species, becoming invasive."
虽然不得不佩服他们的坚持，但是可以预料其中一些物种可能会对当地物种造成威胁：“这实际上是一场生态的赌博。如果这些没有历史案例的物种变成入侵物种危害生态，会是一个严重的问题”
And as we clutter our coastlines with more and more development, and the ocean rips it away—as happened to Texas and Florida this month—Carlton says we can expect more of these ecological experiments, tsunami or not.
当我们胡乱地开发着海岸线时，海洋却把它击碎了——正如本月德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州所发生的——卡尔顿说，我们可以预见更多的这类生态试验，比如说海啸或者说其他的。
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