早期微生物抵御哮喘--中国数字科技馆
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早期微生物抵御哮喘

早期微生物抵御哮喘(科学60S) 0:00/0:00
最新发布时间: 2017-07-14
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Exposure to specific microbes when an infant is less than a year old seems to have a protective effect against the child’s eventual acquisition of asthma.

当置于特定微生物环境时,不满一岁的婴儿似乎能获得抵御哮喘的能力。

撰文/播音:史蒂夫·米尔斯基(Steve Mirsky)

翻译:郭鑫鹏

审校:杨枭

“Asthma is a very prevalent disease in our society now. It wasn’t so 50 years ago. And we now realize that the very early life microbes seem to have set you up or not for asthma.”

“如今,哮喘是我们社会中非常普遍的疾病,尽管50年前不是这样。现在我们意识到早期微生物似乎决定了你是否会患哮喘。”

Microbiologist Brett Finlay, from the University of British Columbia. In a study of Canadian infants, his team found “at three months of age, which is a really tiny little kid, there are four microbes, if you had these four microbes you had very very low risk of getting asthma, if you didn’t have these microbes you were at very very high risk of asthma.”

布雷特·芬利(Brett Finlay)是不列颠哥伦比亚大学的微生物学家。在一个针对加拿大婴儿的研究中,他的团队发现“在还是三个月大的小婴儿时,如果体内有4种特定的微生物,那么患哮喘的概率就非常低。否则就有很高的患哮喘的风险。”

Finlay spoke February 17th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston. Where he also discussed a recent follow up study among kids in rural Ecuador.

芬利在2月17日波士顿美国科学促进会年度会议上进行了发言。他还提到了一个近期在厄瓜多尔乡下针对孩童的后续研究。

“And a big risk factor associated with asthma whether they had potable clean water. So ironically the kids that got the clean water had higher asthma rates than the kids that had the dirty water. Now that makes sense in terms of microbial acquisition…it makes sense but I must admit I was surprised to see that, you’d think if we clean the water up that’s good for the world…this is all part of the big ‘hygiene hypothesis’…I say we’re suffering from a hygiene hangover, we have cleaned our world up too much, and we’re just not getting the microbes that our grandparents got. And as a result that’s affecting many, many of the diseases that we experience in our society that we didn’t experience a hundred years ago…

“哮喘的最大风险因素是他们是否有干净的饮用水。所以讽刺的是,那些得到干净饮用水的孩子比起那些没有干净饮用水的孩子,有着更高的哮喘发病率。关键在于是否获得这些微生物……虽然事实如此但不得不承认我还是对此感到惊讶……这都源于大规模‘卫生假说’……我们正经历一场卫生后遗症,我们把世界清理得太过了,以至于我们获得不到我们祖父母获得的细菌。因此现今社会的我们患了许多新疾病,而这些疾病一百年前却不存在……

“And one of the things that I’m starting to realize is that maybe these microbes are actually endangered species and you think about your great grandkids, they’re gonna have very different microbes than you do and as we urbanize more and more our microbes become less diverse. And anyone that knows ecosystems, that’s not good, you want large diversity in rainforests, same as your microbes. So there are people that are bio-banking things, I’m not suggesting that maybe you should biobank your poop now and give it to your great grandkids, I don’t know. But…I worry we’ve gotten too clean and we have to ease off a bit…because we’ve taken a piece of our evolution right out of our bodies. We’ve evolved with these microbes all along, and they’re just not there anymore and I think we’re starting to see the effects in these diseases.”

“我开始意识到,当你考虑你的后代时,这些微生物在那时可能是濒危物种了。你后代拥有的微生物和你会大不相同,随着我们社会发展,我们拥有的微生物多样性会更加贫乏。了解生态系统的都知道,这样并不好,你希望你体内微生物就像雨林中的物种一样丰富。所以有些人正在进行基因数据收集,我并不是建议你应该收集粪便交给你的子孙后代,我不知道。但是……我担心我们变得太干净,我们需要放松一些……因为我们已经把一些进化产物清出了我们身体。我们在一直以来的进化过程中都有这些微生物陪伴,然而它们现在已经不在了。我想我们开始从这些疾病中看到这种情况产生的后果了。“

-Steve Mirsky


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