加快光合作用以提高作物产量--中国数字科技馆
./t20180813_845594_taonews.html
首页  >  音视频  >  音频  >  科学60S

加快光合作用以提高作物产量

加快光合作用以提高作物产量(科学60S) 0:00/0:00
最新发布时间: 2018-08-13
分享到:
 Photosynthesis actually is an inefficient process, but a biological chemist is trying to crank it up.

光合作用实际上是一个低效率的过程,但是一位生物化学家正试图强化这一过程。

 

撰稿/播音:史蒂夫·米尔斯基(Steve Mirsky

翻译:姜帆

审校:杨枭

 

Photosynthesis is surprisingly inefficient, only of the order of 1 to 2 percent. And one of the main culprits is an enzyme called RuBisCo.”

“光合作用的效率低得惊人,只有1%到2%左右。主要罪魁祸首之一是一种叫做RuBisCo的酶。

 

Laura Barter, a biological chemist at Imperial College London. Scientific American Editor in Chief Mariette DiChristina recorded these comments when they chatted at the recent World Economic Forum in Davos.

劳拉·巴特(Laura Barter)是伦敦帝国学院的生物化学家。科学美国主编马里埃特·迪克里斯蒂娜Mariette DiChristina在最近的达沃斯世界经济论坛上发表了下面的评论。

 

That enzyme RuBisCo? Because it’s vital for the first major step in photosynthesis, it’s probably the most abundant enzyme on the planet. And it’s worked fine for a very long time. But for our needs, we humans want it to work better.

那种叫做RuBisCo的酶?因为它对于光合作用的第一个重要步骤至关重要,所以它可能是地球上最丰富的酶。而且它一直以来都很好地发挥作用。但为了满足我们的需要,我们人类希望它能起到更好的效果

 

And I’m very interested in trying to improve upon this enzyme because it’s both slow and it also suffers from a lack of specificity. And it can catalyze a reaction with carbon dioxide that you want, but also a competing reaction with oxygen. And, so we’re looking at ways that we can enhance the local concentration of carbon dioxide around RuBisCo to increase its efficiency—and ultimately increase crop yield.”

“我对如何改善这种酶非常感兴趣,因为它既作用缓慢又缺乏特异性。可以催化你想要的二氧化碳反应,也可以与氧气竞争反应。因此,为了提高它的效率,我们正在寻找一些方法,来提高RuBisCo周围二氧化碳局部的浓度——并最终提高作物产量。

 

Barter explained how she’s trying to do that at a talk she gave at the Forum:

在论坛上发表的演讲中,巴特解释了她想如何去做到这点:

 

There are a suite of enzymes that are involved in the capture and release of carbon dioxide and we’re synthesizing some molecules that can mimic this behavior. With the hope that they can be sprayed on crops much in the same way as a fertilizer. And will be taken up by the plant and will increase the concentration of carbon dioxide around RuBisCo inside the plant and increase its activity and photosynthetic yields. Now, we have already synthesized this suite of molecules and have shown that they can capture and release carbon dioxide and we’re testing their effect on RuBisCo that’s been extracted from plants and seeing really, really, exciting results.”

“有一套酶参与二氧化碳的捕获和释放,我们正在合成一些可以模拟这种行为的分子。希望它们可以像肥料一样喷洒在农作物上。并且将被植物吸收增加植物体内RuBisCo周围的二氧化碳浓度提高其活性和光合产量。现在,我们已经人工合成了这套分子,它们可以捕获和释放二氧化碳,我们正在测试它们对从植物中提取的RuBisCo的影响,并期待看到真正令人振奋的结果。


专辑里的声音
查看更多
©2011-2020 版权所有:中国数字科技馆
未经书面许可任何人不得复制或镜像
京ICP备11000850号 京公网安备11010502039775号
信息网络传播视听节目许可证0111611号
国家科技基础条件平台