北极热浪与低纬度暴风雪的隐秘联系
一个六十多年的每日温度和降雪数据的分析将北极高温和低纬度的寒流联系了起来。
撰文\播音：克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻译：邱燕宁
审校：张清越
February was unusually hot in the Arctic. Thawing out temperature: 35 degrees Fahrenheit.
北极的二月不同寻常的炎热。解冻温度:35华氏度。
"It made big news when it got to 35, I don't know if that's T-shirt weather yet, but…"
温度到达35华氏度确实是一个大新闻，我不知道这是否是适合穿T恤的天气，但是……
Judah Cohen, a climatologist at Atmospheric and Environmental Research, a company that does consulting on weather and climate. "The Arctic relatively is a much warmer place than it used to be."
Judah Cohen是大气与环境研究公司的气候学家，公司职能是天气和气候方面的咨询工作。“北极现在比过去温暖得多”，他说。
Over the last few decades, the Arctic has heated up two to three times faster than the rest of the planet. But in the same period, Eurasia and the northeastern U.S. have been on a cold streak. With some serious cold air and snow.
在过去的几十年里，北极的温度上升速度比地球上其他地方快了2到3倍。但在同一时期，欧亚大陆和美国东北部一直处于寒冷的状态，常出现严重的冷空气和降雪。
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《剪辑：新闻片段：“暴风雪……末日暴雪”》
Climate-change-denying politicians like to point to the cold snaps as some sort of proof global warming is not happening. But a new analysis of more than six decades of daily temperature and snowfall data by Cohen and his team suggests arctic heat waves may actually be linked to severe cold weather at lower latitudes… perhaps through the polar vortex.
否认气候变化的政客们喜欢将寒冷的天气作为证据来否定全球变暖。但是，Cohen和他的团队对60多年的每日温度和降雪数据进行了新的分析，他们认为北极的热浪实际上可能与低纬度地区的严寒天气有关，也许与极地涡旋有关。
"A warmer Arctic in general kind of favors these polar vortex disruptions. And when you get a polar vortex disruption, warm air from the lower latitudes rushes in to the Arctic, and you can get extreme warm events like we saw in February. But then the cold air that's normally locked up over the Arctic gets displaced and it heads to lower latitudes. It's all connected, I think it's all part of the same phenomenon."
一般来说，温暖的北极气候会导致极地涡旋的破坏。当受到极地涡旋的干扰时，来自低纬度地区的暖空气会涌向北极，你就会看到像我们在二月份看到的那样极端温暖天气。但是，通常被锁定在北极上空的冷空气会被转移，并向低纬度地区移动。这一切都是相互关联的，我认为这都是同一个现象的不同部分。”
The details are in the journal Nature Communications. [Judah Cohen, Karl Pfeiffer & Jennifer A. Francis, Warm Arctic episodes linked with increased frequency of extreme winter weather in the United States]
具体细节被发表在Nature Communications期刊上。
Important caveat: this research is just an observational study. So it doesn't show a definite mechanism for a warm Arctic causing more snowpocalypses. But if further studies bear this connection out, perhaps it'll kill the idea that cold weather means no climate change… and help keep snowballs off the senate floor.
重要警告:这项研究只是一项观察性研究。因此，它并没有给出一种温暖的北极导致更多降雪的准确机制。但是，如果进一步的研究证实这种联系，也许它能够驳斥寒冷的天气意味着没有气候变化的观点……也能把雪球从参议院的地板上赶走（从而帮助参议院否定没有全球变暖的观点）。
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京ICP备11000850号-1
京公网安备11010502039775号 信息网络传播视听节目许可证0111611号
国家科技基础条件平台